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- Select a HTML file (such as *.html, *.htm).
- Click button 'Convert' to start upload your file.
- Once upload completed, converter will redirect a web page to show the conversion result.
- If file upload process takes a very long time or no response or very slow, please try to cancel then submit again.
- This converter cannot support encrypted or protected ebook files.
- If file source is a URL, be sure to enter a complete and valid URL to your file.
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used for most web pages, a special kind of text document to present text, graphics and more. The file extensions can be .html, .htm.
- PDF (Portable Document Format) is a formatting language developed by Adobe, an extensible page-description protocol that implements the native file format based on PostScript language, uses standard compression algorithm, documents can contain text, graphics, multimedia, custom data types and more.
- HTML to EPUB
EPUB (Electronic Publication) - HTML to MOBI
MOBI (Mobipocket E-book) - HTML to AZW
AZW (Amazon Word) - HTML to DOCX
DOCX (Office Open XML Document) - HTML to TXT
TXT (Plain Text)
- EPUB to PDF
EPUB (Electronic Publication) - MOBI to PDF
MOBI (Mobipocket E-book) - AZW to PDF
AZW (Amazon Word) - FB2 to PDF
FB2 (FictionBook 2) - TXT to PDF
TXT (Plain Text) - DOCX to PDF
DOCX (Office Open XML Document) - CBR to PDF
CBR (Comic Book RAR) - CBZ to PDF
CBZ (Comic Book ZIP) - ODT to PDF
ODT (OpenDocument Text) - RTF to PDF
RTF (Rich Text Format)
In this article, we are going to use Azure Functions and the wkhtmltopdf tool to generate a PDF file from an HTML file.
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You might want to create a PDF file for a great many reasons, such as generating invoices for sales, medical reports for your patients, insurance forms for your clients, and so on. And there are a few ways to do this.
Firstly, you can use Adobe's fill and sign tool to fill out forms. But this mostly requires a human interaction and so it's not scalable or convenient.
The second option is that you directly create a PDF file. Based on the platform you are working on you will have tools to do this. If it's a very simple PDF you can take this approach.
This brings us to our final and most convenient option, wkhtmltopdf. This is a really great tool that lets you convert your HTML to PDF. Since it is free, open source, and can be compiled for almost all platforms, it is our best choice.
Prerequisites
- VS Code editor installed
- An account on Azure Portal
- Linux Basic (B1) App Service Plan. If you already have a Windows Basic (B1) App Service Plan you can use that.
- Azure Storage Account.
How to Use Azure Functions
Since converting HTML to a PDF is a time consuming task, we shouldn't run it on our main web server. Otherwise it may start blocking other important requests. Azure Functions are the best way to delegate such tasks.
In order to create a function you will first need to install Azure Functions on your machine. Based on your OS install the Azure Functions Core Tools.
Once installed open your command line tool to fire the below command. html2pdf is the project's name here, but you can replace it with any name.
func init html2pdf
When you execute the command it will ask for a worker runtime. Here selectoption 1, dotnetsince it's a Microsoft's product and provides great support for dotnet.
This will generate a folder name html2pdf in your current directory. Since Visual Studio Code allows to directly publish to Azure Functions, we will use it to code and deploy.
After you open your project in VS Code, create a file named Html2Pdf.cs. Azure Functions provides a wide variety of triggers to execute the function. For now we will start with the HTTP trigger, that is the function can be called directly via the HTTP protocol.
In our newly created file, paste the below content:
We have created the skeleton and now we will fill in the details. As you might have noticed the type of request variable is Html2PdfRequest. So let's create a model Html2PdfRequest.cs class as below:
How to Add DinkToPdf to Your Project
In order to invoke wkhtmltopdf from our managed code, we use a technology called P/Invoke.
Html5 Cheat Sheet Pdf
In short P/Invoke allows us to access structs, callbacks, and functions in unmanaged libraries. There is a nice P/Invoke wrapper named DinkToPdf that allows us to abstract away the technicalities.
You can add DinkToPdf to your project via nuget. Simply run the command from your root folder.
Time to add some code at the top of our class Html2Pdf:
I have added inline comments so that the code is self-explanatory. If you have any questions you can ask me on Twitter. Let's call the above created function from our Run method.
Once the byte array is generated, let's store that as a blob in Azure Storage. Before you upload the blob, make sure you create a container. Once you do that, add the below code after PDFByteArray.
You will see some errors and warnings after you add this code. To fix those, first add the missing import statements. Second, change the return type from void to async Task for the Run function. Here is what the final Html2Pdf.cs file will look like:
This concludes the coding part of this tutorial!
How to Add wkhtmltopdf to Your Project
We will still need to add the wkhtmltopdf library in our project. There are a few caveats when you're selecting a particular Azure App Plan. Based on the plan, we will have to get the wkhtmltopdf library.
For our purposes we have selected the Linux Basic (B1) App Service Plan since Windows Basic (B1) App Service Plan is five times more expensive.
At the time of writing this blog, the Azure App Service Plan was using Debian 10 with amd64 architecture. Luckily for us, DinkToPdf provides precompiled libraries for Linux, Windows, and MacOS.
Download the .so library for Linux and put it in your project's root folder. I am working on MacOS so I downloaded libwkhtmltox.dylib as well.
If you are using Windows or if you have hosted the Azure Functions on the Windows App Service Plan you must download the libwkhtmltox.dll. Here is how our project structure will look now:
When we create a build we need to include the .so library. In order to do that, open your csproj file and add the below content to the ItemGroup.
Here is the whole csproj file:
How to Create the Azure Functions App
Before we deploy to Azure Functions we will have to create it in Azure Portal. You can go to Azure Portal and start creating the Azure Functions resource. Follow the below screenshots for clarity.
In the below screenshot, make sure to select or create at least the Basic Plan here. Secondly, in the Operating System select Linux.
It's good to have Application Insights since you will be able to see logs and monitor functions. Besides, it hardly costs anything. As shown in the screenshot below, select Yes if you want to enable it.
Select Next: Tags and again click Next and click Create to create your resource. It might take a few minutes to create the Azure Functions resource.
How to Deploy to Azure Functions
Once created, we will deploy our code directly to Azure Functions via VS Code. For that you will have to go to the extensions and install the Azure Functions extension. With its help we will be able to login and manage Azure Functions.
Html To Pdf Converter Download
Once installed you will see the Azure icon on the side bar. When you click it, it will open a panel with an option to Sign In to Azure.
Select Sign in to Azure which will open a browser where you can login with your account. Once logged in, you can go back to VS Code and see the list of Azure Functions in your side panel.
For me there are four function apps. Since you might have created just one it will show one. Now it's time to deploy the app.
Press F1 to open a menu with a list of actions. Select Azure Functions: Deploy to Function App… which will open a list of Azure Functions to which you can deploy.
Select our newly created Azure Funtions App. This will ask for a confirmation pop-up, so go ahead and deploy it. It will take a few minutes to deploy your App.
How to Configure wkhtmltopdf
Once you have deployed to Azure Functions there is still one last thing to do. We will need to add libwkhtmltox.so to a proper location on our Azure Functions App.
Login to Azure portal and navigate to our Azure Functions App. On the side panel search for SSH and click the Go button.
This will open a SSH console in new tab. Our site is located at /home/site/wwwroot. So navigate to that folder by typing in the below command:
When you execute the ls command to view the contents of the file you won't see the libwkhtmltox.so file. It is actually located at /home/site/wwwroot.
That is not the correct position. We need to copy it into the bin folder. To do that, execute the below command:
If you know a better way to include the file in the bin folder, please let me know.
Select Sign in to Azure which will open a browser where you can login with your account. Once logged in, you can go back to VS Code and see the list of Azure Functions in your side panel.
For me there are four function apps. Since you might have created just one it will show one. Now it's time to deploy the app.
Press F1 to open a menu with a list of actions. Select Azure Functions: Deploy to Function App… which will open a list of Azure Functions to which you can deploy.
Select our newly created Azure Funtions App. This will ask for a confirmation pop-up, so go ahead and deploy it. It will take a few minutes to deploy your App.
How to Configure wkhtmltopdf
Once you have deployed to Azure Functions there is still one last thing to do. We will need to add libwkhtmltox.so to a proper location on our Azure Functions App.
Login to Azure portal and navigate to our Azure Functions App. On the side panel search for SSH and click the Go button.
This will open a SSH console in new tab. Our site is located at /home/site/wwwroot. So navigate to that folder by typing in the below command:
When you execute the ls command to view the contents of the file you won't see the libwkhtmltox.so file. It is actually located at /home/site/wwwroot.
That is not the correct position. We need to copy it into the bin folder. To do that, execute the below command:
If you know a better way to include the file in the bin folder, please let me know.
That's it! You have a fully functional Azure Functions App. Time to call it from our demo dotnet project.
How to Invoke the Azure Function
All said and done, we still need to test and call our function. Before we do that we need to get ahold of Code which is required to call the Function.
The Code is a secret that needs to be included to call the Function securely. To get the Code navigate to Azure Portal and open your Function App. In the side panel search for Functions.
You will see Html2Pdf in the list. Click on that function which will open the details view. In the side panel there will be an option for Function Keys. Select that option to view a hidden default Code already added for you.
Html To Pdf Converter App
Copy the code and keep it handy since we will need it in the code. In order to test the function I have created a sample console app for you. Replace the base URL and the code is as below:
Again the code should be pretty self-explanatory. If you have any feedback or questions just let me know. Once you run the above console app, it will create a hello-world.pdf file in your pdf container in Azure Storage.
Conclusion
That concludes our tutorial on how to convert HTML to PDF using Azure Functions. Though it might be a bit difficult to setup, it is one of the cheapest solutions for going serverless.
Read some of my other articles here:
